Understanding the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in Kenya
The Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in Kenya aims to provide a holistic education system that equips learners with skills relevant to the 21st century. Introduced by the Ministry of Education, CBC focuses on competency development, creativity, and specialization from early childhood to tertiary education.
Curriculum Breakdown
The CBC structure follows a 2-3-3-3-3-3 framework, which includes:
Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE) – 2 years
Lower Primary – 3 years
Upper Primary – 3 years
Junior Secondary School (JSS) – 3 years
Senior Secondary School (SSS) – 3 years
University/Tertiary Education – 3 years
After completing Junior Secondary, learners select one of three pathways at Grade 10:
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics): The government aims to direct 60% of learners toward this pathway due to its career opportunities.
Social Sciences: Fields include law, teaching, and journalism.
Creative Arts and Sports: Includes music, drama, sports, and creative industries like comedy and theater arts.
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Assessment and Placement
Assessments begin early in the CBC system:
Grade 3: Kenya Early Year Assessment (KEYA)
Grades 4 and 5: School-based assessments by KNEC
Grade 6: Kenya Primary School Education Assessment (KPSEA), which informs placement into Junior Secondary.
Placement into pathways is based on performance indicators in Junior School. Each Senior School will offer at least two of the three pathways, with clustering and specialization in progress.
Importance of STEM
The government encourages parents and guardians to guide their children toward STEM fields, citing vast career opportunities and the sector’s growing relevance in a technology-driven world.
As the CBC continues to evolve, the focus remains on ensuring that learners acquire skills and knowledge that align with their abilities and the demands of the job market. This system represents a shift from traditional exam-focused education to a learner-centered approach aimed at fostering innovation and competence.
