-The deposit of plaque-cholesterol obstructs the coronary arteries during a heart attack; the resulting condition is called atherosclerosis. Such a buildup of plaque will narrow these arteries, thereby reducing the blood flow into the muscle of the heart. If a plaque ruptures, it can form a blood clot or thrombus at the site, which may extend large enough to block all blood flow. This blockage has the effect of making the affected portion of the heart muscle deprived of oxygen and nutrients, consequently causing ischemia. If the flow of blood is not restored within a critical period, the heart muscle starts to die; this is called necrosis. The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area fed by the occluded vessel and the duration of the occlusion.
Symptoms and Response:
Chest Pain: Most commonly described as pressure or squeezing of the chest.
Radiating Pain: It can radiate to the shoulders, neck, arms, back, teeth, or jaw.
Shortness of Breath: It may occur along or absent of chest discomfort.
Other Signs: Cold sweats, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, or fainting.
Medical attention instantly, since the recognition of symptoms and emergency services call can save a life. Treatment options may include medications, angioplasty, or CABG. Cardiac rehabilitation programs and some changes in lifestyle are usually recommended in the aftermath of a heart attack: following a healthier diet, regular exercise, avoidance of smoking, stress-the factors that may help decrease the risk of further heart complications.
