Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. These seizures can vary in type and severity, ranging from brief lapses in awareness to prolonged convulsions. Epilepsy affects individuals of all…
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), comprising the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective sheath (myelin) covering nerve fibers, leading to inflammation, scar tissue,…
Colorectal polyps are growths that form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While most polyps are benign, some can develop into colorectal cancer over time, making early detection crucial. Polyps are common, especially in individuals over 50,…
Gallstone disease, also known as cholelithiasis, refers to the formation of solid particles, or gallstones, in the gallbladder—a small organ under the liver that stores bile. Bile helps digest fats, but when its components become imbalanced, gallstones can form. While…
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, an essential organ for digestion and blood sugar regulation. It can manifest as either acute or chronic pancreatitis, each with distinct characteristics and complications. While acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation that often…
Cirrhosis is a late stage of liver disease characterized by scarring (fibrosis) and the formation of regenerative nodules. Over time, this condition impairs the liver’s ability to function, affecting its role in detoxification, nutrient processing, and production of essential proteins.…
Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver, a vital organ responsible for filtering toxins, producing bile, and supporting metabolism. While hepatitis can have various causes, viral hepatitis is the most common, categorized into five main types: A, B, C,…
Celiac Disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In individuals with celiac disease, gluten consumption causes an immune reaction that damages the lining of the small intestine,…
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a group of symptoms affecting the digestive system. These include abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or both. Unlike other gastrointestinal conditions, IBS…
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that involves persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The two primary forms of IBD are Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Though they share similarities, these conditions differ in their areas of…
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) refers to open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach, the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum), or occasionally the lower esophagus. These ulcers form due to the corrosive action of stomach…
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, irritating its lining. This reflux of acid can cause discomfort and lead to more severe complications if left untreated. GERD affects millions worldwide…
