Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), comprising the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective sheath (myelin) covering nerve fibers, leading to inflammation, scar tissue,…
Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) is a condition that affects the function of one or more of the heart’s valves, compromising the efficient flow of blood. Two of the most common types are Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation. These conditions can…
Introduction Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting millions of people. This progressive condition encompasses two primary diseases: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both contribute to airflow limitation, but they differ in their…
